@article{2019AnGeo..37..903Hb,

title = {Multi-point galactic cosmic ray measurements between 1 and 4.5 AU over a full solar cycle},

author = {Thomas {Honig} and Olivier G {Witasse} and Hugh {Evans} and Petteri {Nieminen} and Erik {Kuulkers} and Matt G ~G ~T {Taylor} and Bernd {Heber} and Jingnan {Guo} and Beatriz {Sánchez-Cano}},

doi = {10.5194/angeo-37-903-2019},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-01},

journal = {Annales Geophysicae},

volume = {37},

number = {5},

pages = {903-918},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jiggens2019,

title = {In-Situ Data and Effect Correlation During September 2017 Solar Particle Event},

author = {P. Jiggens and C. Clavie and H. Evans and T. P. O'Brien and O. Witasse and A. L. Mishev and P. Nieminen and E. Daly and V. Kalegaev and N. Vlasova and S. Borisov and S. Benck and C. Poivey and M. Cyamukungu and J. Mazur and D. Heynderickx and I. Sandberg and T. Berger and I. G. Usoskin and M. Paassilta and R. Vain },

url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018SW001936},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-02-15},

journal = {Space weather},

volume = {17},

number = {1},

pages = {99-117},

abstract = {Solar energetic particles are one of the main sources of particle radiation seen in space. In the first part of September 2017 the most active solar period of cycle 24 produced four large X‐class flares and a series of (interplanetary) coronal mass ejections, which gave rise to radiation storms seen over all energies and at the ground by neutron monitors. This paper presents comprehensive cross comparisons of in situ radiation detector data from near‐Earth satellites to give an appraisal on the state of present data processing for monitors of such particles. Many of these data sets have been the target of previous cross calibrations, and this event with a hard spectrum provides the opportunity to validate these results. As a result of the excellent agreement found between these data sets and the use of neutron monitor data, this paper also presents an analytical expression for fluence spectrum for the event. Derived ionizing dose values have been computed to show that although there is a significant high‐energy component, the event was not particularly concerning as regards dose effects in spacecraft electronics. Several sets of spacecraft data illustrating single event effects are presented showing a more significant impact in this regard. Such a hard event can penetrate thick shielding; human dose quantities measured inside the International Space Station and derived through modeling for aircraft altitudes are also presented. Lastly, simulation results of coronal mass ejection propagation through the heliosphere are presented along with data from Mars‐orbiting spacecraft in addition to data from the Mars surface.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Alía2019,

title = {Ultra-energetic Heavy-Ion Beams in the CERN Accelerator Complex for Radiation Effects Testing},

author = {Rubén García Alía and Pablo Fernández Martínez and Maria Kastriotou and Markus Brugger and Johannes Bernhard and Matteo Cecchetto and Francesco Cerutti and Nikolaos Charitonidis and Salvatore Danzeca and Lau Gatignon and Alexander Gerbershagen and Simone Gilardoni and Nourdine Kerboub and Maris Tali and Vanessa Wyrwoll and Véronique Ferlet-Cavrois and César Boatella Polo and Hugh Evans and Gianluca Furano and Rémi Gaillard Saint-Arnoult},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8550765},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},

volume = {66},

number = {1},

pages = {458},

abstract = {Traditional heavy-ion testing for single-event effects  is carried out in cyclotron facilities with energies around  10 MeV/n. Despite their capability of providing a broad range  of linear energy transfer (LET) values, the main limitations  are related to the need of testing in a vacuum and with the  sensitive region of the components accessible to the low range  ions. In this paper, we explore the use of ultrahigh energy  (UHE) (5–150 GeV/n) ions in the CERN accelerator complex for  radiation effects on electronics testing. At these energies, we show,  both through simulations and experimental data, the significant  impact of the ion energy on the ionization track structure  and associated volume-restricted LET value, highlighting the  possible limitations for radiation hardness assurance for highenergy accelerator applications. In addition, we show that from  a nuclear interaction perspective, UHE ions behave similar to  protons independently of their significantly larger mass.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2018JSWSC...8A..50Ab,

title = {Artificial intelligence unfolding for space radiation monitor data},

author = {S {Aminalragia-Giamini} and C {Papadimitriou} and I {Sandberg} and A {Tsigkanos} and P {Jiggens} and H {Evans} and D {Rodgers} and I ~A {Daglis}},

doi = {10.1051/swsc/2018041},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-01},

journal = {Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate},

volume = {8},

pages = {A50},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2018JSWSC...8A..40G,

title = {Analysis and interpretation of inner-heliospheric SEP events with the ESA Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) onboard the INTEGRAL and Rosetta Missions},

author = {Manolis K {Georgoulis} and Athanasios {Papaioannou} and Ingmar {Sandberg} and Anastasios {Anastasiadis} and Ioannis A {Daglis} and Rosa {Rodrìguez-Gasén} and Angels {Aran} and Blai {Sanahuja} and Petteri {Nieminen}},

doi = {10.1051/swsc/2018027},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate},

volume = {8},

pages = {A40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2012arXiv1207.5597H,

title = {Impacts of The Radiation Environment At L2 On Bolometers Onboard The Herschel Space Observatory},

author = {Benoît {Horeau} and Olivier {Boulade} and Arnaud {Claret} and Helmut {Feuchtgruber} and Koryo {Okumura} and Pasquale {Panuzzo} and Andrea {Papageorgiou} and Vincent {Revéret} and Louis {Rodriguez} and Marc {Sauvage}},

doi = {10.1109/RADECS.2011.6131435},

isbn = {978-1-4577-0586-1},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-07-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},

pages = {arXiv:1207.5597},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sandberg2012,

title = {Unfolding and Validation of SREM Fluxes},

author = {I. Sandberg and I.A. Daglis and A. Anastasiadis and P. Bühler and P. Nieminen and H. Evans},

doi = {10.1109/TNS.2012.2187216},

isbn = {0018-9499 },

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-03-02},

journal = { IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},

volume = {59},

number = {4},

pages = {1105-1112},

abstract = {The Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) belongs to a second generation of instruments in a program established by the European Research and Technology Centre of the European Space Agency (ESA) to provide minimum intrusive particle radiation detectors on ESA spacecraft for space weather applications, which are also suitable for scientific investigations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{2011ASTRA...7....1P,

title = {Solar particle event analysis using the standard radiation environment monitors: applying the neutron monitor's experience},

author = {A {Papaioannou} and H {Mavromichalaki} and M {Gerontidou} and G {Souvatzoglou} and P {Nieminen} and A {Glover}},

doi = {10.5194/astra-7-1-2011},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {1-5},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{SIEGL2010,

title = {Inner Belt Anisotropy Investigations Based on the Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM)},

author = {M. Siegl and H. D. R. Evans and E. J. Daly and G. Santin and P. J. Nieminen and P. Bühler},

doi = {10.1109/TNS.2010.2041253},

isbn = {0018-9499 },

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-08-16},

journal = { IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},

volume = {57},

number = {4},

pages = {2017-2023},

abstract = {The Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) is a particle detector developed for wide use on ESA spacecraft. It is flying on several ESA missions, most recently the Herschel and Planck space telescopes. Using data from the SREM unit on PROBA-1 in LEO, pitch angle anisotropics in the inner Van Allen belt are investigated. The sensitivity of the SREM to pitch angle induced flux anisotropics can be linked to the directional response function of the SREM, obtained using GRAS/Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulations. The directional response function is combined with an anisotropic version of the AP8 model (based on the Badhwar-Konradi anisotropy distribution) to yield improved count predictions. The importance of considering flux anisotropies is shown for both short-term data and long-term integrated counts. Significant improvements to the AP8 model can be realised.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Evans2008,

title = {Results from the ESA SREM monitors and comparison with existing radiation belt models},

author = {H.D.R. Evans and P. Bühler and W. Hajdas and E.J. Daly and P. Nieminen and A. Mohammadzadeh},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2008.03.022},

doi = {doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.03.022},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-11-03},

journal = {Advances in Space Research},

volume = {42},

number = {9},

pages = {1527-2537},

abstract = {The Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) is a simple particle detector developed for wide application on ESA satellites. It measures high-energy protons and electrons of the space environment with a 20° angular resolution and limited spectral information. Of the ten SREMs that have been manufactured, four have so far flown. The first model on STRV-1c functioned well until an early spacecraft failure. The other three are on-board, the ESA spacecraft INTEGRAL, ROSETTA and PROBA-1. Another model is flying on GIOVE-B, launched in April 2008 with three L-2 science missions to follow: both Herschel and Planck in 2008, and GAIA in 2011). The diverse orbits of these spacecraft and the common calibration of the monitors provides a unique dataset covering a wide range of B-L∗ space, providing a direct comparison of the radiation levels in the belts at different locations, and the effects of geomagnetic shielding. Data from the PROBA/SREM and INTEGRAL/IREM are compared with existing radiation belt models.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zadeh2003,

title = {The ESA Standard Radiation Environment Monitor program first results from PROBA-I and INTEGRAL},

author = {A. Mohammadzadeh and H. Evans and P. Nieminen and E. Daly and P. Vuilleumier and P. Bühler and C. Eggel and W. Hajdas and N. Schlumpf and A. Zehnder and J. Schneider and R. Fear},

doi = {10.1109/TNS.2003.821796},

issn = {0018-9499},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-12-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},

volume = {50},

number = {6},

pages = {2272-2277},

abstract = {The main characteristics of the European Space Agency (ESA) Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) are outlined. First SREM results from the Project for On-Board Autonomy-I (PROBA-I) and INTEGRAL spacecraft are presented.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hajdas2003,

title = {Radiation environment along the INTEGRAL orbit measured with the IREM monitor},

author = {W. Hajdas and P. Bühler and C. Eggel and P. Favre and A. Mchedlishvili and A. Zehnder},

doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20031251 },

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-08-14},

journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics},

volume = {411},

number = {1},

pages = {L43-L47},

abstract = {The INTEGRAL Radiation Environment Monitor (IREM) is a payload supporting instrument on board the INTEGRAL satellite. The monitor continually measures electron and proton fluxes along the orbit and provides this information to the spacecraft on board data handler. The mission alert system broadcasts it to the payload instruments enabling them to react accordingly to the current radiation level. Additionally, the IREM conducts its autonomous research mapping the Earth radiation environment for the space weather program. Its scientific data are available for further analysis almost without delay. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hajdas2001,

title = {Proton Irradiation Facility and Space Radiation Monitoring at the Paul Scherrer Institute},

author = {W Hajdas and A Zehnder and L Adams and P Buehler and R Harboe-Sorensen and M Daum and R Nickson and E Daly and P Nieminen

},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Physica Medica},

volume = {17},

number = {Suppl 1},

pages = {119-123},

abstract = {The Proton Irradiation Facility (PIF) has been designed and constructed, in cooperation between Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and European Space Agency (ESA), for terrestrial proton testing of components and materials for spacecraft. Emphasis has been given to generating realistic proton spectra encountered by space-flights at any potential orbit. The facility, designed in a user-friendly manner, can be readily adapted to the individual requirements of experimenters. It is available for general use serving also in testing of radiation monitors and for proton experiments in different scientific disciplines. The Radiation Environment Monitor REM has been developed for measurements of the spacecraft radiation conditions. Two instruments were launched into space, one into a Geo-stationary Transfer Orbit on board of the STRV-1b satellite and one into a Low Earth Orbit on the Russian MIR station. The next generation of monitors (SREMs--Standard REMs) is currently under development in partnership of ESA, PSI and Contraves-Space. They will operate both as minimum intrusive monitors, which provide radiation housekeeping data and alert the spacecraft when the radiation level crosses allowed limits and as small scientific devices measuring particle spectra and fluxes. Future missions as e.g. INTEGRAL, STRV-1c and PROBA will be equipped with new SREMs. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}